bandit12@bandit:~$ cd $(mktemp -d)
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ cp ~/data.txt .
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data.txt
data.txt: ASCII text
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ cat data.txt
00000000: 1f8b 0808 dfcd eb66 0203 6461 7461 322e  .......f..data2.
00000010: 6269 6e00 013e 02c1 fd42 5a68 3931 4159  bin..>...BZh91AY
00000020: 2653 59ca 83b2 c100 0017 7fff dff3 f4a7  &SY.............
00000030: fc9f fefe f2f3 cffe f5ff ffdd bf7e 5bfe  .............~[.
00000040: faff dfbe 97aa 6fff f0de edf7 b001 3b56  ......o.......;V
00000050: 0400 0034 d000 0000 0069 a1a1 a000 0343  ...4.....i.....C
00000060: 4686 4341 a680 068d 1a69 a0d0 0068 d1a0  F.CA.....i...h..
00000070: 1906 1193 0433 5193 d4c6 5103 4646 9a34  .....3Q...Q.FF.4
00000080: 0000 d320 0680 0003 264d 0346 8683 d21a  ... ....&M.F....
00000090: 0686 8064 3400 0189 a683 4fd5 0190 001e  ...d4.....O.....
000000a0: 9034 d188 0343 0e9a 0c40 69a0 0626 4686  .4...C...@i..&F.
000000b0: 8340 0310 d340 3469 a680 6800 0006 8d0d  .@...@4i..h.....
000000c0: 0068 0608 0d1a 64d3 469a 1a68 c9a6 8030  .h....d.F..h...0
000000d0: 9a68 6801 8101 3204 012a ca60 51e8 1cac  .hh...2..*.`Q...
000000e0: 532f 0b84 d4d0 5db8 4e88 e127 2921 4c8e  S/....].N..')!L.
000000f0: b8e6 084c e5db 0835 ff85 4ffc 115a 0d0c  ...L...5..O..Z..
00000100: c33d 6714 0121 5762 5e0c dbf1 aef9 b6a7  .=g..!Wb^.......
00000110: 23a6 1d7b 0e06 4214 01dd d539 af76 f0b4  #..{..B....9.v..
00000120: a22f 744a b61f a393 3c06 4e98 376f dc23  ./tJ....<.N.7o.#
00000130: 45b1 5f23 0d8f 640b 3534 de29 4195 a7c6  E._#..d.54.)A...
00000140: de0c 744f d408 4a51 dad3 e208 189b 0823  ..tO..JQ.......#
00000150: 9fcc 9c81 e58c 9461 9dae ce4a 4284 1706  .......a...JB...
00000160: 61a3 7f7d 1336 8322 cd59 e2b5 9f51 8d99  a..}.6.".Y...Q..
00000170: c300 2a9d dd30 68f4 f9f6 7db6 93ea ed9a  ..*..0h...}.....
00000180: dd7c 891a 1221 0926 97ea 6e05 9522 91f1  .|...!.&..n.."..
00000190: 7bd3 0ba4 4719 6f37 0c36 0f61 02ae dea9  {...G.o7.6.a....
000001a0: b52f fc46 9792 3898 b953 36c4 c247 ceb1  ./.F..8..S6..G..
000001b0: 8a53 379f 4831 52a3 41e9 fa26 9d6c 28f4  .S7.H1R.A..&.l(.
000001c0: 24ea e394 651d cb5c a96c d505 d986 da22  $...e..\.l....."
000001d0: 47f4 d58b 589d 567a 920b 858e a95c 63c1  G...X.Vz.....\c.
000001e0: 2509 612c 5364 8e7d 2402 808e 9b60 02b4  %.a,Sd.}$....`..
000001f0: 13c7 be0a 1ae3 1400 4796 4370 efc0 9b43  ........G.Cp...C
00000200: a4cb 882a 4aae 4b81 abf7 1c14 67f7 8a34  ...*J.K.....g..4
00000210: 0867 e5b6 1df6 b0e8 8023 6d1c 416a 28d0  .g.......#m.Aj(.
00000220: c460 1604 bba3 2e52 297d 8788 4e30 e1f9  .`.....R)}..N0..
00000230: 2646 8f5d 3062 2628 c94e 904b 6754 3891  &F.]0b&(.N.KgT8.
00000240: 421f 4a9f 9feb 2ec9 83e2 c20f fc5d c914  B.J..........]..
00000250: e142 432a 0ecb 0459 1b15 923e 0200 00    .BC*...Y...>...
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ xxd -r data.txt  > data.bin
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data.bin
data.bin: gzip compressed data, was "data2.bin", last modified: Thu Sep 19 07:08:15 2024, max compression, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 574
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ mv data.bin data.bin.gz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ gunzip -d data.bin.gz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data.bin
data.bin: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ mv data.bin data.bin.bz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ bzip2 -d data.bin.bz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data.bin
data.bin: gzip compressed data, was "data4.bin", last modified: Thu Sep 19 07:08:15 2024, max compression, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 20480
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ mv data.bin data.bin.gz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ gunzip -d data.bin.gz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data.bin
data.bin: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ mv data.bin data.bin.tar
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ tar -xf data.bin.tar
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ ls
data5.bin  data.bin.tar  data.txt
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data5.bin
data5.bin: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ tar -xf data5.bin
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ ls
data5.bin  data6.bin  data.bin.tar  data.txt
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data6.bin
data6.bin: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ mv data6.bin data6.bin.bz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ bzip2 -d data6.bin.bz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data6.bin
data6.bin: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ tar -xf data6.bin
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ ls
data5.bin  data6.bin  data8.bin  data.bin.tar  data.txt
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data8.bin
data8.bin: gzip compressed data, was "data9.bin", last modified: Thu Sep 19 07:08:15 2024, max compression, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 49
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ mv data8.bin data8.bin.gz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ gunzip -d data8.bin.gz
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ file data8.bin
data8.bin: ASCII text
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/tmp.HpP2cGkNJ5$ cat data8.bin
The password is FO5dwFsc0cbaIiH0h8J2eUks2vdTDwAn

Flag: FO5dwFsc0cbaIiH0h8J2eUks2vdTDwAn